TMJ MRI

A TMJ MRI works like other MRI scans. You are placed in a large scanner — a long tube-like machine — to have detailed images taken of your temporomandibular joint, the joint in your jaw. The scan also looks at the inside of your mouth and jaw, including your jaw muscles, teeth, mandible, and cartilage discs.

Images are transferred to a computer where they can be analysed to help diagnose you and provide a treatment plan. The scan typically takes between 30 and 60 minutes, though it may take longer depending on what is being assessed.

A TMJ MRI is typically recommended to: detect abnormalities such as inflammation, disc displacement, degenerative disc, and bone deformations; assess soft tissue structures including the synovial membrane, articular disc, and lateral pterygoid muscle; and determine whether surgery is needed to rectify issues with your TMJ.

Patients usually present with one or a combination of the following symptoms when a TMJ MRI is recommended:

Loose teeth: Unexpected tooth loosening can be associated with TMJ dysfunction.

Painful popping or clicking in the jaw: A common indicator of disc displacement or joint irregularities.

Stiff jaw muscles: Difficulty or discomfort when moving the jaw.

Pain near the ear: Often linked to inflammation or pressure in the temporomandibular joint.

Difficulty speaking or swallowing: May indicate structural or functional issues with the jaw joint.

Pain in the neck, face, or jaw: Widespread pain in these areas can be associated with TMJ disorders.

Speak to your doctor if you are experiencing any of these symptoms to determine whether a TMJ MRI is the right option for you.

You can eat, drink, and take your usual medications as normal before a TMJ MRI, making it easy to incorporate into your daily routine.

Contrast dye is often used for a TMJ MRI to help show inflammation and diagnose other conditions. It is administered through an IV on arrival. Let your doctor know if you have had a previous allergic reaction to contrast dye, as medication may need to be taken beforehand.

If you experience claustrophobia or anxiety, inform your doctor ahead of the scan — a mild sedative may be prescribed, in which case you will need someone to drive you home.

Before the scan, remove all jewellery, piercings, and other metal items. Metal inside the body, such as pacemakers or metal plates, can sometimes heat up during an MRI — let your doctor know of any implants beforehand so the right precautions can be taken.

For a TMJ MRI, you do not need to change into a hospital gown if you prefer not to. Comfortable, loose-fitting clothing with no metal fastenings such as zippers is acceptable. Locker space is available if you do need to change or store valuables.

You will be asked to lie on your back on the exam table outside the MRI scanner, usually with your face in a neutral position. You may be repositioned or asked to turn your head to one side for a better view of the jaw joint. Staying still throughout the scan is important, as movement can blur the images.

When ready, the table slides into the scanner and the scan begins. The machine produces loud humming and clunking sounds throughout — this is completely normal. Headphones or earphones will be provided to reduce the noise, and the technician can speak to you at any time through a microphone and speaker system.

The scan typically lasts between 30 and 60 minutes, though it can take longer. You will be informed before and during the scan of the expected duration.

After the scan, there is very little aftercare required and you can return to your usual activities immediately. If a sedative was taken, you will need to arrange for someone to drive you home. Results will be provided either by phone or at a follow-up appointment, where your findings and next steps will be discussed in detail. Results are aimed to be turned around as quickly as possible, though during busy periods this may take up to two weeks.

High-quality images in open and closed mouth positions: Allows assessment of jaw function and any abnormalities across different positions.

Non-invasive and radiation-free: A safe scan option for most patients.

Early detection of TMJ dysfunction: Enables earlier access to treatment and reduction of painful symptoms.

Assesses joint functionality: Provides detailed insight into how the joint operates and interacts with surrounding structures.

Shows soft tissue structures: Helps assess the TMJ joint and how it functions alongside other structures.

Tracks treatment progress: Can be used to monitor your condition over time and evaluate whether treatment is working.

There are very few risks associated with a TMJ MRI. Key considerations include: MRIs are not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy unless the need outweighs the potential risks; metal in the body can pose risks in the MRI environment, though scanning is often still possible with appropriate precautions; some patients may experience anxiety or claustrophobia during the scan; and the insertion of an IV for contrast dye may cause minor discomfort.

Contrast dye is not always required for a TMJ MRI, but may be recommended if closer detail of your vessels and soft tissue is needed, or if contrast has been required for previous scans. You will be advised beforehand if contrast dye is needed and walked through how it is administered. There are very few side effects associated with contrast dye, so it should not impact your aftercare.

Yes — you can eat and drink as normal before your TMJ MRI. No changes to your schedule or routine are required beforehand.

You may be asked to open and close your mouth during the scan to allow additional images to be captured. This helps assess the function of the jaw and its joint and can assist in reaching a diagnosis. You will be advised when to make the movement — no other parts of your body will need to move.